Alphabet Inc.

What does Alphabet own?
Alphabet owns Google and its products including Search, YouTube, Android, Chrome, Gmail, Google Maps, Google Cloud, Google Workspace, Pixel hardware, and Nest. It also owns Waymo, Verily, and other early-stage ventures under the Other Bets umbrella. The Gemini AI platform is developed by Google DeepMind, an Alphabet subsidiary.

Is Alphabet publicly traded?
Yes. Alphabet trades on NASDAQ under GOOGL (Class A, one vote per share) and GOOG (Class C, no votes). The company has been publicly traded since Google's IPO in August 2004 at $85 per share.

Who founded Alphabet?
Alphabet was formed in 2015 through a restructuring of Google, which was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Stanford University. Sundar Pichai has served as CEO of both Alphabet and Google since December 2019.

Where is Alphabet headquartered?
Alphabet is headquartered in Mountain View, California, at the Googleplex campus. The company has major offices in New York, London, Dublin, Singapore, and dozens of other cities globally.

How many brands does Alphabet own?
Alphabet owns approximately 12 major brands and products under Google and Other Bets. The most recognizable include Google Search, YouTube, Android, Chrome, Gmail, Google Maps, Google Cloud, Pixel, Nest, Waymo, and Gemini.

Who owns Alphabet?
Alphabet has no single controlling shareholder economically, but co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin hold Class B shares with 10 votes per share, giving them effective voting control. Institutional investors including Vanguard, BlackRock, and State Street are among the largest economic shareholders.

What is Alphabet's revenue?
Alphabet reported FY2025 revenue of $402.8 billion, up 15% year over year. Net income was $132.2 billion. Google Cloud contributed $26.3 billion in FY2025, growing 35% year over year.

What antitrust cases is Google facing?
In August 2024, a U.S. federal judge ruled that Google illegally monopolized internet search. In September 2025, the court ordered remedies including ending exclusive distribution contracts and sharing search data with rivals, but did not require Chrome divestiture. Both sides appealed. The EU has imposed over 8 billion euros in antitrust fines since 2017.

Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, then Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Their PageRank algorithm produced search results substantially more relevant than competing engines. The company launched AdWords in 2000, establishing the advertising business that remains its primary revenue source. Google incorporated in 1998 and moved to Mountain View, California, in 1999.

The company expanded rapidly through both product development and acquisitions. Gmail launched in 2004. Google Maps launched in 2005. The company acquired Android in 2005 for approximately $50 million, a deal that would position Google in mobile operating systems. YouTube was acquired in 2006 for $1.65 billion in stock, giving Google dominance in online video. DoubleClick, acquired in 2008 for $3.1 billion, expanded Google's display advertising capabilities. Chrome launched in 2008 and grew to become the dominant web browser globally.

Google went public on NASDAQ in August 2004 at $85 per share, raising $1.67 billion. The IPO used a Dutch auction format, unusual for a technology company at the time. The company joined the S&P 500 in 2006.

In 2014, Google acquired DeepMind for approximately $500 million, establishing its AI research foundation. DeepMind would later develop the Gemini model series under the Google DeepMind division.

On August 10, 2015, Google announced a corporate restructuring into Alphabet Inc. The restructuring created a holding company structure where Google became a subsidiary alongside Other Bets companies including Waymo (autonomous vehicles), Verily (life sciences), Calico (longevity research), GV (venture capital), and CapitalG (growth equity). Larry Page became CEO of Alphabet, Sergey Brin became President, and Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google. The restructuring was completed on October 2, 2015.

In December 2019, Page and Brin stepped down from their executive roles at Alphabet. Pichai became CEO of both Alphabet and Google, consolidating leadership. Under Pichai, the company accelerated its AI investments.

The launch of ChatGPT by OpenAI in November 2022 prompted Alphabet to reorganize its AI efforts. Gemini 1.0 launched in December 2023, followed by Gemini 1.5 in 2024. The company merged its DeepMind and Google Brain AI research divisions into Google DeepMind in 2023. Gemini 3 launched in December 2025, and the Gemini app surpassed 750 million monthly active users by early 2026.

Waymo, Alphabet's autonomous vehicle subsidiary, expanded significantly. It raised $5.6 billion in October 2024 at a valuation reported at over $30 billion. By late 2025, Waymo was in discussions to raise over $15 billion at a valuation near $100 billion, according to Bloomberg. Waymo operated fully driverless ride-hailing services in Phoenix, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Austin, and Miami as of early 2026, with planned expansions to Las Vegas, San Diego, Detroit, Minneapolis, Tampa, New Orleans, and Washington, D.C.

For FY2025, Alphabet reported revenues of $402.8 billion, up 15% year over year. Q4 2025 revenue was $113.8 billion, up 18%. Net income for FY2025 was $132.2 billion. The company announced 2026 capital expenditures of $175 to $185 billion for AI infrastructure.

Alphabet has been carbon neutral since 2007 and has matched 100% of its electricity consumption with renewable energy purchases since 2017. The company has committed to operating all data centers and campuses on 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030. This goal has become more challenging as AI compute demands increase electricity consumption. Google's data center electricity demand grew 27% in a recent period, though the company maintains carbon neutrality through clean energy contracts.

Google is a signatory to the Science Based Targets initiative. The company publishes annual environmental reports detailing carbon footprint, renewable energy usage, water consumption, and sustainability progress. Alphabet has implemented water replenishment programs aimed at returning more water to communities than consumed by its operations.

In AI ethics, Google published AI Principles in 2018 governing the development and deployment of AI technologies. The company has established AI ethics review processes and responsible AI development practices. However, Google's sustainability reporting is self-published and not independently certified. The company has faced criticism that its rapid AI infrastructure expansion conflicts with its carbon reduction commitments.

• Fortune World's Most Admired Companies: Google has consistently ranked among the top companies in the Internet Services and Retailing category.
• Fast Company Most Innovative Companies: Multiple awards for AI research, quantum computing, and autonomous vehicle development through Waymo.
• Great Place to Work: Google has been recognized as one of the best places to work globally across multiple countries.
• Webby Awards: Multiple awards for website design, user experience, and digital innovation across Google products.

In August 2024, U.S. District Judge Amit Mehta ruled that Google illegally maintained a monopoly in internet search through exclusive default search agreements with device manufacturers and browser developers. The court found Google violated Section 2 of the Sherman Act. In September 2025, Judge Mehta issued a remedies ruling. The court prohibited Google from entering exclusive contracts for distribution of Google Search, Chrome, Google Assistant, and the Gemini app, and ordered Google to share certain search data with rivals. The court did not require Google to divest Chrome, rejecting the DOJ's most aggressive proposal. The DOJ and 35 states appealed the September 2025 ruling, seeking more comprehensive remedies. Google also appealed the underlying liability finding. The case could reach the Supreme Court.

A separate DOJ antitrust case targeting Google's advertising technology business concluded trial in late 2024. In the EU, Google has faced multiple antitrust fines totaling over 8 billion euros across several cases since 2017, covering Google Shopping, Android, and AdSense. The EU Digital Markets Act, effective 2024, imposes additional obligations on Google as a designated gatekeeper.

Data privacy scrutiny includes investigations and fines related to Google's location tracking practices. In 2022, Google paid $391.5 million to 40 U.S. states to settle location tracking allegations.