Public Investment Fund (Saudi Arabia)

What does the Public Investment Fund own?
PIF owns a diverse global portfolio including a majority stake in Lucid Motors (electric vehicles), Newcastle United Football Club, a significant stake in Uber Technologies, and a large commitment to SoftBank's Vision Fund. Domestically, PIF funds Saudi Arabia's giga-projects including NEOM, the Red Sea Project, Qiddiya, and Diriyah, and holds stakes in dozens of Saudi companies across entertainment, tourism, technology, and manufacturing.

Who controls the Public Investment Fund?
PIF is wholly owned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman chairs PIF's board of directors and is the primary architect of the fund's expanded mandate under Vision 2030. Yasir Al-Rumayyan serves as Governor (CEO equivalent) of PIF.

How large is the Public Investment Fund?
As of early 2026, PIF manages assets of more than $930 billion, making it one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds. The fund has a stated target of managing $2 trillion in assets by 2030 as part of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 economic diversification strategy.

Where is the Public Investment Fund headquartered?
PIF is headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The fund invests both domestically in Saudi Arabia and internationally in global companies and assets across technology, real estate, sports, infrastructure, and other sectors.

What is Vision 2030?
Vision 2030 is Saudi Arabia's strategic framework for economic diversification, announced by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in April 2016. The strategy aims to reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil revenue by developing new industries including tourism, entertainment, technology, and manufacturing. PIF is a central instrument of Vision 2030, providing capital for domestic development projects and international investments.

Is the Public Investment Fund publicly traded?
No, PIF is not publicly traded. It is wholly owned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and is not listed on any stock exchange. PIF publishes annual reports with high-level information about its portfolio and strategy, but does not publish detailed financial statements comparable to those of publicly listed companies.

PIF was established in 1971 by royal decree as a government investment vehicle to support Saudi Arabia's economic development. For its first four decades, PIF operated primarily as a domestic investment fund, providing financing for major Saudi infrastructure and industrial projects.

The fund's role was dramatically expanded following the announcement of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 strategy in April 2016. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who chairs PIF's board, outlined an ambitious plan to transform PIF into one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds, with a target of managing $2 trillion in assets by 2030.

In 2016, PIF made its first major international investment, committing $3.5 billion to Uber Technologies, making it one of Uber's largest shareholders. The investment signaled PIF's intention to invest aggressively in global technology companies.

PIF became a founding investor in SoftBank's Vision Fund in 2017, committing $45 billion to the $100 billion technology investment fund. The Vision Fund invested in numerous high-profile technology companies including WeWork, Uber, and Arm Holdings.

PIF invested approximately $2 billion in Lucid Motors, an American electric vehicle company, in 2018, and subsequently increased its stake to become Lucid's majority shareholder. Lucid began production of its Lucid Air electric sedan in 2021.

In October 2021, PIF led a consortium that acquired Newcastle United Football Club in the English Premier League for approximately GBP 305 million. The acquisition made PIF the owner of one of England's most historic football clubs and generated significant controversy regarding the use of sports to improve Saudi Arabia's international image.

PIF also backed the LIV Golf series, a rival professional golf tour that signed numerous top players away from the PGA Tour with large guaranteed contracts. The LIV Golf series generated significant controversy in the golf world, and in 2023 the PGA Tour announced a framework agreement to merge with LIV Golf, though the merger remained under negotiation as of early 2026.

PIF has been at the center of significant controversy regarding the use of sports investments to improve Saudi Arabia's international image, a practice critics call "sportswashing." The acquisitions of Newcastle United and the LIV Golf series were criticized by human rights organizations who argued that the investments were intended to distract from Saudi Arabia's human rights record, including the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in 2018.

The LIV Golf series generated significant controversy in the golf world, with the PGA Tour initially banning players who joined LIV Golf. The subsequent announcement of a framework merger between the PGA Tour and LIV Golf in 2023 was itself controversial, with some players and observers questioning whether the merger was appropriate given Saudi Arabia's human rights record.

PIF's investments in technology companies through the SoftBank Vision Fund also generated controversy when several Vision Fund portfolio companies, including WeWork, experienced significant valuation declines.