John Deere was founded in 1837 in Grand Detour, Illinois, by John Deere, a blacksmith who developed the first commercially successful steel plow. The plow's design addressed a critical problem for Midwest farmers: the sticky, heavy soil that clogged traditional cast-iron plows. Deere's steel plow with a polished surface could cut through the tough prairie soil without sticking, revolutionizing agriculture in the American Midwest.
The company moved to Moline, Illinois, in 1848 to access better transportation routes along the Mississippi River. This location allowed John Deere to expand production and distribution more efficiently. By the 1850s, the company was producing thousands of plows annually and had established a reputation for quality and innovation in agricultural equipment.
The late 19th century saw John Deere expand beyond plows into other agricultural equipment. The company began manufacturing cultivators, planters, and harvesting equipment, establishing itself as a comprehensive agricultural equipment provider. In 1868, the company was formally incorporated as Deere & Company.
The early 20th century marked John Deere's entry into tractor manufacturing. The company acquired the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company in 1918, giving it access to tractor technology and establishing John Deere as a major player in the growing tractor market. The Waterloo Boy tractor, acquired through this purchase, became the foundation for John Deere's future tractor development.
During World War II, John Deere supported the war effort by producing military equipment and machinery for the Allied forces. The post-war period saw significant expansion as global agriculture mechanized and demand for advanced farm equipment grew rapidly. John Deere introduced numerous innovations including power steering, hydraulic systems, and advanced transmission technologies.
The 1960s and 1970s brought further expansion into construction and forestry equipment. John Deere established construction equipment divisions and began manufacturing excavators, loaders, and forestry machinery. The company also expanded internationally, establishing manufacturing facilities and distribution networks in Europe, South America, and other regions.
A major transformation came in the 1990s and 2000s with the introduction of precision agriculture technology. John Deere invested heavily in GPS guidance systems, automated steering, and data management tools that allowed farmers to optimize planting, fertilizing, and harvesting operations. This technology focus positioned John Deere at the forefront of the digital agriculture revolution.
The 2010s saw John Deere accelerate its technology investments with acquisitions of software companies and development of autonomous farming equipment. The company introduced autonomous tractors and advanced machine learning algorithms for crop management, establishing itself as a technology leader in addition to its traditional manufacturing strengths.
Recent history under CEO John May has focused on sustainability initiatives, electric equipment development, and autonomous farming solutions. In 2025, John Deere announced significant investments in battery-powered electric agricultural equipment and committed to science-based targets for carbon emissions reduction. The company also expanded its precision agriculture platform with new AI-powered farming tools and autonomous tillage systems.