Carrefour was founded in 1958 by Marcel Fournier and brothers Denis and Jacques Defforey in Annecy, in the French Alps. The founders opened a small supermarket in the city center and quickly identified an opportunity to develop a larger format that could offer a wider range of products at competitive prices.
On June 15, 1963, Carrefour opened what is widely recognized as the world's first hypermarket in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, near Paris. The store combined a full supermarket with clothing, appliances, and other general merchandise under one roof, with ample parking for car-owning consumers. The format was a commercial success and was rapidly replicated across France and internationally.
Carrefour expanded internationally in the late 1960s and 1970s, opening stores in Belgium (1969), Spain (1973), Brazil (1975), and Argentina (1982). The company's international expansion strategy focused on markets where the hypermarket format was not yet established and where Carrefour could enter as a first mover with a differentiated retail proposition.
In France, Carrefour faced increasing competition from other hypermarket operators including Auchan, Leclerc, and Intermarché through the 1980s and 1990s. The company responded by expanding its private label offerings, investing in store quality, and developing smaller-format stores to serve urban consumers.
In 1999, Carrefour merged with Promodès, a French retail group that operated the Champion supermarket chain and Shopi convenience stores, in a transaction valued at approximately €16 billion. The merger created one of the world's two largest retailers alongside Walmart and significantly expanded Carrefour's European supermarket presence.
The 2000s were a period of strategic repositioning for Carrefour. The company divested operations in markets where it lacked scale or competitive position, including Japan (2005), South Korea (2006), Mexico (2005), and Switzerland (2007). These divestitures reflected a recognition that Carrefour's hypermarket format was not universally competitive and that the company needed to focus resources on markets where it had strong positions.
Alexandre Bompard was appointed Chairman and CEO in June 2017, succeeding Georges Plassat. Bompard, who had previously led FNAC Darty, launched the Carrefour 2022 strategic plan focused on cost reduction, digital transformation, and portfolio optimization. The plan was subsequently extended as the Carrefour 2026 plan, targeting continued cost savings, food transition leadership, and digital commerce growth.
In February 2025, Bompard announced a new strategic plan targeting €1 billion in annual cost cuts, with a refocus on Carrefour's core markets of France, Spain, and Brazil. The plan reflected a strategic decision to concentrate resources on the company's strongest markets rather than pursuing broad international expansion.